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TypeScript Cheatsheet#

Resources#

Highlevel Differences#

Semantic departures#

  • interfaces are duck typed

Basic Syntax#

Modules#

  • defines own scope for declarations (e.g. variables, functions, classes, etc declara declared in a module are not visible outside the module unless they are explicitly exported using one of the export forms. Conversely, to consume a variable, function, class, interface, etc. exported from a different module, it has to be imported using one of the import forms.
  • modules are declarative with inter-dependencies specified in terms of file-level imports/exports
  • any file containing a top-level import or export is considered a module; otherwise, treated as a script whose contents are available in the global scope
  • import/export

  • specific decl declaration

    TypeScript
    /* IFoo.ts */
export const kFoo = 123;               // export 'kFoo' constant
export interface IFoo{...};            // export 'IFoo' interface

/* CFoo.ts */
import { IFoo } from "./IFoo";         // import 'IFoo' interface
export class CFoo implements IFoo{...} // export 'CFoo' class

/* CBar.ts */
export { CFoo as CFooB } from "./CFoo"; // export 'CFooB' class alias of 'CFoo' class
export class CBar{...} 

/* Test.ts */ 
import ifm             from "./IFoo"; // import IFoo module
import { kFoo }        from "./IFoo"; // import 'kFoo' constant
import type { IFoo }   from "./IFoo"; // type only import 'IFoo' interface
import { kFoo, type IFoo} from "./IFoo"; // Explicitly pull out a value (kFoo) and a type (IFoo) 
import IFoo = ifm.IFoo;               // type only import statement version
import { CFoo as CFA } from "./CFoo"; // import 'CFoo' class as 'CFA' class alias
let myFoo = new CFA();
let myNum = kFoo * rand();

  • combine/wrap in module

    TypeScript
    /* FooLib.ts */
export * from "./IFoo";        // exports 'kFoo' constant, 'IFoo' interface
export * from "./CFoo";        // exports 'CFoo'  class
export * from "./CBar";        // exports 'CFooB' class alias of 'CFoo' class, 'CBar' class
export * as ifm from "./IFoo"; // export 'ifm' module alias of './IFoo' module
export * as cfm from "./CFoo"; // export 'cfm' module alias of './CFoo' module
export * as cbm from "./CBar"; // export 'cbm' module alias of './CBar' module

/* Test.ts */ 
import { kfoo, CFoo, CBar } from "./FooLib"; // import 'kFoo' constant, './CFoo' class, './CBar' class
import { ifm, cfm, cbm }    from "./FooLib"; // import 'ifm' module alias of './IFoo', 'cfm' module alias of './CFoo', 'cbm' module alias of './CBar' module
let myNum1  = kFoo * rand(); 
let myFoo1  = new CFoo(); 
let myBar1  = new CBar();
let myNum2  = ifm.kFoo * rand(); 
let myFoo2  = new cfm.CFoo(); 
let myBar2  = new cbm.CBar();

  • default export

    TypeScript
    /* value    */ export default "foo";                     | import v from "./V";
/* function */ export default function (s: string){...}; | import f from "./F";
/* class    */ export default class Klass{...};          | import c from "./C";